Friday 4 July 2008
How to write Findings in reporting results
Reference to aim/method
To assess X, the Y questionnaire was used.
To distinguish between these two possibilities, ......
In order to assess Z, repeated measures of ANOVA were used.
Regression analysis was used to predict the ......
Changes in X and Y were compared using ......
The average scores of X and Y were compared in order to ......
Nine items on the questionnaire measured the extent to which ......
The correlation between X and Y was tested.
The first set of analyses examined the impact of ......
Simple statistical analysis was used to ......
A scatter diagram and a Pearson's product moment correlation were used to determine the relationship between ......
T-tests were used to analyse the relationship between ......
Location and summary statements:
| Table 1 Figure 1 | shows compares presents provides | the experimental data on X. the results obtained from the preliminary analysis of X. the intercorrelations among the nine measures of X. |
The results obtained from the preliminary analysis of X | are shown can be compared are presented | in Table 1. in Fig 1. |
| As shown in Figure 12.1, As can be seen from the table (above), It can be seen from the data in Table 12.1 that From the graph above we can see that | the X group reported significantly more Y than the other two groups. |
The table below illustrates The pie chart above shows | some of the main characteristics of the the breakdown of |
Highlighting significant data in a table/chart
It is apparent from this table that very few ......
This table is quite revealing in several ways. First, unlike the other tables ......
Data from this table can be compared with the data in Table 4.6 which shows ......
From the data in Figure 9, it is apparent that the length of time left between ......
From this data we can see that Study 2 resulted in the lowest value of ......
The histogram in Fig 1. indicates that ......
What is interesting in this data is that ......
In Fig.10 there is a clear trend of decreasing ......
As Table III shows, there is a significant difference (t = -2.15, p = 0.03) between the two groups.
Statements of result (positive)
Strong evidence of X was found when ......
This result is significant at the p = 0.05 level.
There was a significant positive correlation between ......
There was a signifcant difference between the two conditions ......
On average, Xs were shown to have ......
The mean score for X was ......
Interestingly, for those subjects with X, ......
A positive correlation was found between X and Y.
Further analysis showed that ......
Further statistical tests revealed .....
Statements of result (negative)
There was no increase of X associated with .....
There were no significant differences between ......
No significant differences were found between .....
No increase in X was detected.
No difference greater than X was observed.
The Chi-square test did not show any significant differences between ......
None of these differences were statistically significant.
Overall, X did not affect males and females differently in these measure
Highlighting significant, interesting or surprising results
The most striking result to emerge from the data is that ......
Interestingly, this correlation is related to .....
The correlation between X and Y is interesting because ......
The more surprising correlation is with the ......
The single most striking observation to emerge from the data comparison was ......
Reporting results from questionnaires and interviews
The response rate was 60% at six months and 56% at 12 months.
Of the study population, 90 subjects completed and returned the questionnaire.
Of the initial cohort of 123 students, 66 were female and 57 male.
The majority of respondents/those who responded felt that .....
Over half of those surveyed reported that ......
70% of those who were interviewed indicated that ......
Almost two-thirds of the participants (64%) said that ......
Approximately half of those surveyed did not comment on ......
A small number of those interviewed suggested that ......
Only a small number of respondents indicated that ......
Of the 148 patients who completed the questionnaire, just over half indicated that .......
A minority of participants (17%) indicated ......
In response to Question 1, most of those surveyed indicated that ......
The overall response to this question was very positive.
When the subject were asked ......, the majority commented that .....
Other responses to this question included ......
The overall response to this question was poor.
Transition statements
Turning now to the experimental evidence on ......
Comparing the two results, it can be seen that ......
A comparison of the two results reveals ......
If we now turn to ......
phrasal verb
(phrasal verb)
- drop off - decline gradually
The hill dropped off near the river
- drop off(2) - fall asleep
While doing his homework, he dropped off.
- drop off(3) - stop and give something to someone
Would you drop this off at the post office?
- drop out - cease to participate
After two laps, the runner dropped out.
- Separable
add up (meaning: to add)Correct: She added up the total on her calculator.
Incorrect: She added it up on her calculator. - Inseparable
get around (meaning: to evade)Correct: She always gets around the rules.
Incorrect: She always gets the rules around (This construction makes no sense in English.) - Intransitive
catch on (meaning: to understand)Correct: After I explained the math problem, she began to catch on.
Incorrect: She began to catch on the math problem. (catch on cannot take a direct object in this meaning.)
Correct: She began to catch on to the math problem. (the word to makes the math problem an indirect object, which is acceptable in this meaning.)
Thursday 3 July 2008
passive exercise
16. Over half of London has had an effective transport system.
17. Four of ten Londoners considered that London has an unacceptably high crime rate.
18. No-one felt that London was in danger of becoming over-populated.
Reporting verb
Affirm + noun + to infinitive / Affirm + that
Ex: He affirmed that he saw Brad Pitt ang Angelina Jolie that morning when he went to work.
He affirmed his dissertation to get 10 marks.
Allege + to infinitive / Allege + (that) + clause
Ex: He alleged that his wife had to come London to cotrol his life.
He was alleged to have been in New York in 2005.
Argue + noun
Ex: The evidence argues a change in policy
assert + that / noun
Ex: He asserts that she stole money from her parents.
She very rarely asserts her authority over the children
claim + that / to infinitive
Ex: The company claims (that) the redundant of employee is not its faulse, it is the economy's faulse.
He claims to have met my boyfriend, but I think he told a lie.
contend + that
Ex: The company contended (that) their clients had been satisfied with their new products.
demonstrate + that / noun
Ex: Research has demonstrated that slowly eating habit could make obese people lose their weights.
These problems demonstrate the importance of strategic planning.
maitain + that / noun
ex: He maintains that he has never seen the woman before.
She had maintained her position as the most intelligent student during the time she studied at university.
predict + that / to infinitive
Ex: The government prdicted that the price of oil would be go up in next 5 years.
The weather is predicted to become warmer due to the global warming.
recommend + that / gerund
Ex: The doctor recommended (that) I take more exercise
She recommend rewriting your essay down on paper before printing it out.
say (weak or strong, depending on what is said) + that / to infinitive
Ex: The doctors say (that) it will take him a few weeks to recover.
She say to him that she has got something to say to you.
show + noun
Ex: These photographs show the current trend of the developing countries.
Wednesday 2 July 2008
passive
1. It was understood that Mr Smith was willing to meet the British Prime Minister.
2. It is considered that this surgeon is a brilliant practitioner.
3. It is said that Chain danced when he came in on Sunday morning and saw the result.
4. It is claimed that the drug produced no undesirable side effects.
5. It is expected that the electricity supply industry will be running into surplus capacity by next year.
6. It is thought that only a small fraction of the nitrous oxide emmitted to the atmosphere each year comes from fossil-fuel use, primarily coal.
7. It is at the present time believed by the researchers that the only problem with daytime sleep is that it is too short.
8. It is expected the patient to pay for his treatment, he will be reimbursed via the state medical insurance scheme.
9. It resumed that if one person choose to cause serious injury to another, he or she realises that there is always a risk of death.
10. It was alleged that he amassed wealth by exploiting his high credit with the Palmyra court.
Tuesday 1 July 2008
Discribing data and making comparisions
Exercise 5.
A. 1. Life expectancy for men and women in India is almost identical.
2. An Australian woman can be expected to live almost half as long as an Afghan woman.
3. The country with almost exactly difference in life expectancy beteen men and women is the USA.
B. 4. Doctors in Nepal have twice as many patients as doctors in the UAE.
C. 5. There is a very little literacy rate for women in Asia than in Oceania.
6. In America, Europe and Oceania, there is much lower difference in literacy rates for men and women.
D. 7. In 1990, a quarter of the population of the developing world lived in urban areas.
8. By 2025, the greater the population of the developing world will live in cities.
Exercise 6.
1. There is a big different literacy rate between male and female in Afica.
2. Doctors in Nepal have one hundred times as many patients as doctors in Latvia.
3. The world 's population living in rural areas in 1990 is more than it in 2025.
business vocabulary
I received an email of my MSc Business Economics Course from Londonmet last week. They sugested me find some books related to my subject and read in advance. I found 'Business Economics' of Thompson, 2000 and some new vocabulary from it.
alocation (n) delivery
contract (v) to shorten
(n) agreement
equilibrium (n) a state of balance
moral hazard (n) risk, danger
moral (a) good or bad behaviour, fairness, honesty
rationality (n) reasonablity
nexus (n) link, group
communal (a) public
alienable (a) can transfer
managerial (a) relating a manager, management
entrepreneur (n) someone who starts their own business, especially when this involves risks
enterprise (n) factory, business organisation
observability (n) the ability of absering/ watching/ noticing
incentive (a) encourage
idiosyncratic (a) special characteristic
boundary (n) the edge or limit of something
breach (of faith and the takeover) (v) to break a promise, agreement, rule
hold-up (n) delay
bureaucracy (n) the system of managing a country
neoclassical (a) new classic
radical (a) believing or expressing the belief, basic view
critique (n) critic
flotation (n) remark, outstanding something
scarcity (n) rarely, something is not too easy to find
convention (n) agreement, for examble: Geneva convention
norm (n) standard
purely (n) completely
asymmetry (n) with two halves, sides or parts which are not exactly the same in shape and size
enormously (n) vast, giant
explicit (a) clearly
bilateral (contract) 2 parties in a contract
elaborate (v) disbrice something in detail
I also found the link of this book on internet so that i can reread it after i return this book to library. It is really an interesting book of business.
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lhLkGTFHOGIC&dq=the+economics+of+business+enterprise+-+martin+ricketts&pg=PP1&ots=rF3aA53FkB&sig=440k7x7RSnStu2QBp7jURFYOENo&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result
Monday 30 June 2008
Pronunciation-story
Sunday 29 June 2008
music at the weekend
Back For Good Lyrics
I guess now it's time for me to give up
I feel it's time
Got a picture of you beside me
Got your lipstick mark still on your coffee cup
Got a fist of pure emotion
Got a head of shattered dreams
Gotta leave it, gotta leave it all behind now
Whatever I said, whatever I did I didn't mean it
I just want you back for good
Whenever I'm wrong just tell me the song and I'll sing it
You'll be right and understood
Unaware but underlined I figured out this story
It wasn't good
But in the corner of my mind I celebrated glory
But that was not to be
In the twist of separation you excelled at being free
Can't you find a little room inside for me
Whatever I said, whatever I did I didn't mean it
I just want you back for good
Whenever I'm wrong just tell me the song and I'll sing it
You'll be right and understood
And we'll be together, this time is forever
We'll be fighting and forever we will be
So complete in our love
We will never be uncovered again
Whatever I said, whatever I did I didn't mean it
I just want you back for good
Whenever I'm wrong just tell me the song and I'll sing it
You'll be right and understood
I guess now it's time, that you came back for good
Daniel Powter
Bad Day
Where is the moment we needed the most
You kick up the leaves and the magic is lost
They tell me your blue skies fade to gray
They tell me your passion's gone away
And I don't need no carryin' on
You stand in the line just to hit a new low
You're faking a smile with the coffee you go
You tell me your life's been way off line
You're falling to pieces every time
And I don't need no carryin' on
Because you had a bad day
You're taking one down
You sing a sad song just to turn it around
You say you don't know
You tell me don't lie
You work at a smile and you go for a ride
You had a bad day
The camera don't lie
You're coming back down and you really don't mind
You had a bad day
You had a bad day
Will you need a blue sky holiday?
The point is they laugh at what you say
And I don't need no carryin' on
You had a bad day
You're taking one down
You sing a sad song just to turn it around
You say you don't know
You tell me don't lie
You work at a smile and you go for a ride
You had a bad day
The camera don't lie
You're coming back down and you really don't mind
You had a bad day
(Oooh.. a holiday..)
Sometimes the system goes on the blink
And the whole thing turns out wrong
You might not make it back and you know
That you could be well oh that strong
And I'm not wrong
(yeah...)
So where is the passion when you need it the most
Oh you and I
You kick up the leaves and the magic is lost
Cause you had a bad day
You're taking one down
You sing a sad song just to turn it around
You say you don't know
You tell me don't lie
You work at a smile and you go for a ride
You had a bad day
You've seen what you like
And how does it feel for one more time
You had a bad day
You had a bad day